Energy Security

Critical minerals 

Wind turbines, solar panels and electric vehicles – they are all dependent on sufficient, affordable and secure supplies of critical raw materials. Yet the global energy transition is expected to lead to an exponential increase in the demand for these minerals. Achieving a net zero energy system depends on foreign supplies of rare earth metals, cobalt or lithium. This creates novel geopolitical dependencies and geo-economic challenges for countries all around the world. Critical minerals are a key area of energy research at HCSS, providing advice to governments and companies on how to address challenges related to securing supplies of raw materials.