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Expert Analysis | From Sanctions to Drone Warfare: The Slow Erosion of Russia’s Oil Sector

Russia’s oil sector remains resilient, but its strategic foundations are weakening, HCSS energy specialists Jilles van den Beukel and Lucia van Geuns write in a new Expert Analysis. Sanctions have not stopped exports, yet they have increased costs, reduced efficiency and constrained access to technology and investment. Ukraine’s sustained strikes on refineries add direct pressure on the infrastructure converting crude into higher-value products. Maintaining effective sanctions enforcement, limiting access to critical technologies and sustaining pressure on Russia’s energy infrastructure can gradually reduce the profitability and fiscal capacity underpinning the war effort, the authors conclude.  

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Fuel Security for Defence

Fuel Security is a critical enabler of European defence readiness. As geopolitical tensions rise and energy markets transform, Europe’s military fuel supply chains face growing vulnerabilities. HCSS research explores how declining refining capacity, import dependencies and the energy transition are reshaping fuel resilience across air, land and maritime domains. Ensuring reliable access to military-grade fuels requires a strategic approach that combines stronger supply chains, alternative fuel production and closer civil-military coordination. Building fuel resilience today is essential to sustaining military operations and European security tomorrow.

Expert Analysis | Europa’s gasdilemma: hoe bouwen we zekerheid in een onzekere wereld?

Europa heeft zijn afhankelijkheid van Russisch pijpleidinggas ingeruild voor een grotere afhankelijkheid van de mondiale LNG-markt. Daardoor is leveringszekerheid verbeterd, maar is betaalbaarheid de grootste uitdaging geworden. In deze analyse betogen Lucia van Geuns en Jilles van den Beukel dat Europa behoefte heeft aan een samenhangende gasstrategie, waarin LNG-import, gasopslagen en strategische reserves integraal worden beschouwd. Een hybride inzet van bestaande gasopslagen biedt daarbij waarschijnlijk de beste balans tussen kosten, flexibiliteit en energiezekerheid.

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