Blinded By Bias: Western Policymakers and Their Perceptions of Russia before 24 February 2022
Why did so many Western governments fail to anticipate Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, despite all the warning signs? Based on 44 interviews and in-depth analysis, this groundbreaking new HCSS report by Tim Sweijs, Thijs van Aken, Julie Ebrard, Philippe van Pappelendam and Anna Hoefnagels reveals how psychological and cognitive biases distorted policymakers’ threat perception — with far-reaching consequences.
Deterrence Warning Messages: A Short Guide for NATO
Why do deterrence efforts fail? Often, it’s not what is said, but how it’s said. In a new report, HCSS strategic advisor Dr. Jeffrey H. Michaels explores how the success or failure of deterrence often hinges not just on military threats, but on how warnings are communicated. With case studies from WWI to Ukraine, this report offers practical lessons for NATO’s current and future deterrence strategies.
New report | Deterrence Warning Messages: A Short Guide for NATO
Why do deterrence efforts fail? Often, it’s not what is said, but how it’s said. In a new report, HCSS strategic advisor Dr. Jeffrey H. Michaels explores how the success or failure of deterrence often hinges not just on military threats, but on how warnings are communicated. With case studies from WWI to Ukraine, this report offers practical lessons for NATO’s current and future deterrence strategies.
