Battery Minerals

To meet its Paris Agreement commitments, the EU aims to produce 10 million electric vehicles by 2030. Achieving this requires secure access to critical raw materials for batteries, including lithium, cobalt and graphite. Yet much of the supply chain is currently dominated by China, while battery mineral prices remain volatile. These dynamics create geo-economic and geopolitical risks, underlining the need for Europe to build a more resilient and secure supply chain for its growing battery industry.

Within the HCSS Energy Security Initiative chaired by Irina Patrahau, we examine these risks and opportunities in a series of publications.