About the authors

Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. He is the initiator, creator and author of numerous studies, methodologies, and tools for research projects in horizon scanning, conflict analysis, international and national security risk assessment, and strategy and capability development. His main research interest concerns the changing character of modern day conflict. He has led multicenter research projects for both private and public sector organisations. Tim is also an Affiliate at the Center for International Strategy, Technology and Policy in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at Georgiatech.

Danny Pronk is a Senior Research Fellow at the Security Unit of the Clingendael Institute. His research focuses on security and defence issues, and on geopolitical trend analysis, alternative futures development and horizon scanning.

Louk Faesen is Strategic Analyst at the Cyber Policy and Resilience Program of the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. He mainly focuses on international peace and security in cyberspace, norms of responsible state and non-state behavior, and confidence-building measures (CBMs) in cyberspace. Louk functions as the Project Manager of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace (GCSC), a multi-stakeholder initiative launched at the 2017 Munich Security Conference by the Foreign minister of the Netherlands that brings together leading experts from all major cyber powers and regions to help develop norm and policy initiatives related to international peace and security in cyberspace.

Bianca Torossian is a Strategic Analyst at HCSS. Her studies at The University of Sydney, Erasmus University Rotterdam, and Leiden University (The Hague), earned her a Bachelor degree in political science, political economy and sociology, and a Master degree in political science and international organization. For her Master Thesis, Bianca analyzed how the institutional legitimacy of the European Union was impacted by Brexit, and hopes later to reopen this line of research and explore how the nationalistic tendencies of states effect the social legitimacy of multilateral institutions. At HCSS, Bianca primarily focusses on security and diplomacy. A specific area of interest is the field of technology and AI in defense contexts, which ties into a HCSS research project that critically analyzes the challenges and opportunities posed by robotic and autonomous systems in the military. She contributes to a range projects commissioned by the Dutch Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence.

Elliot Mayhew Elliot Mayhew is a Junior Strategic Analyst at the Cyber Policy and Resilience Program of the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. As part of his activities in this role he mainly focuses on international peace and security in cyberspace, conducting preliminary research on norms and proposals for responsible state and non-state behavior. Elliot functions as a project assistant for the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace (GCSC), a multi-stakeholder initiative launched at the 2017 Munich Security Conference by the Foreign minister of the Netherlands that brings together leading experts from all major cyber powers and regions to help develop norm and policy initiatives related to international peace and security in cyberspace. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies is the initiator of the Commission and acts as the Secretariat along with its partner organization the EastWest Institute. Elliot therefore also provides operational and logistical support to the Commission.

Carlo Zensus was an Assistant Analyst at HCSS.

Koen van Wijk was an Assistant Analyst at HCSS.

Dr. Alexander Klimburg is Director of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace Initiative and Secretariat and Director of the Cyber Policy and Resilience Program at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Dr. Klimburg is an Affiliate at het Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, a nonresident senior fellow with the Atlantic Council, and an associate fellow at the Austrian Institute of European and Security Policy. He is a former associate and former research fellow of the Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center.

Adája Stoetman is a Junior Research Fellow at the Security Unit of the Clingendael Institute. Her research focuses on security and defence issues and on strategic foresight.

Minke Meijnders was a Research Fellow at the Security Unit of the Clingendael Institute until mid-2019. Her research focused on security and defence issues and on strategic foresight. During her time at Clingendael she was frequently involved in scenario and trend analyses in the field of geopolitics and international security.

Merel Martens was a Research Intern at the Security Unit of the Clingendael Institute in 2019, specifically working on the strategic foresight programme.

Sico van der Meer is a Research Fellow at the Security Unit of the Clingendael Institute. His research focusses on non-conventional weapons such as Weapons of Mass Destruction and cyber weapons from a strategic policy perspective.

Kevin de Raat was a Research Intern at the Security Unit of the Clingendael Institute in 2019, specifically working on the strategic foresight programme.

Renske van der Veer is Director of ICCT. As director of ICCT she is responsible for the strategic agenda and management. She is the lead for ICCT in stakeholder relations, monitoring research quality and contributing to research and innovation while also representing ICCT in relevant networks.

Hugo van Manen is a Strategic Analyst at HCSS. He holds a Master’s degree (MSc) in International Public Management and Policy from the Erasmus University in Rotterdam and a Bachelor’s degree in International Studies from Leiden University. Prior to joining HCSS, Hugo worked as a consultant at Ecorys, where he was involved in several EU-commissioned projects within the field of civil protection, including the International Forum to Advance First Responder Innovation, DRIVER+, and DG ECHO’s peer review program.

Lucas Fagliano is an Assistant Analyst at HCSS.

Marek Baron is an Assistant Analyst at HCSS.

Tara Görder is an Assistant Analyst at HCSS.

Esther Chavannes is a Strategic Analyst at HCSS, primarily focusing on topics where security, politics and law intersect. Most recently she conducted research into the ethical challenges of using Robotic and Autonomous Systems in a military context. Apart from emerging technologies in the Defense sector, she works on security challenges in Southeast Asia, regulatory frameworks of civil technology in the EU, and right-wing political violence in the digital age.

Rob de Wijk is the founder of The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies (HCSS) and Professor of International Relations and Security at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs at Leiden University. He studied Contemporary History and International Relations at Groningen University, and wrote his PhD dissertation on NATO’s ‘Flexibility in Response’ strategy at the Political Science Department of Leiden University. Prof. De Wijk started his career in 1977 as a freelance journalist and later became head of the Defense Concepts Department of the Dutch Ministry of Defense, head of the Security Studies at the Clingendael Institute, and Professor of International Relations at the Royal Netherlands Military Academy.

Stephan De Spiegeleire is Principal Scientist at HCSS. He has Master’s degrees from the Graduate Institute in Geneva and Columbia University in New York, as well as a C.Phil. degree in Political Science from UCLA. He worked for the RAND Corporation for nearly ten years, interrupted by stints at the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik and the WEU’s Institute for Security Studies. Mr. De Spiegeleire started out as a Soviet specialist, but has since branched out into several fields of international security and defense policy. His current work at HCSS focuses on strategic defense management, security resilience, network-centrism, capabilities-based planning, and the transformation of defense planning. He is particularly active in HCSS’s security foresight efforts to inform national and European security policy planning in the broader sense. He also teaches at Webster University in Leiden.

Frank Bekkers is programme director at HCSS. He holds a Master in Mathematics from the University of Amsterdam. He has spent most of his career as a security and defence strategy analyst, often in combination with managerial responsibilities. His field of expertise include all aspects of the comprehensive security domain. He has substantial experience in innovation strategy and management, both hands-on and in terms of policy advice. In addition, he has done research and consultancy in other domains, such as industry policy and health care. Mr Bekkers is one of the founding fathers of HCSS, and is the author and co-author of over 50 reports and publications since 2010.

Elisabeth Dick is a Junior Data Scientist at HCSS. She studies International Relations and Economics at the University of Erfurt, Germany and University of Tampere, Finland. During her studies, she has focused on Quantitative Research Methods and Econometrics and uses it to translate qualitative into quantitative research. She works mostly on measuring political, economic and social connections and dependencies in the global context.

Photo sources

Cover: iStock

Economic Security with Chinese Characteristics: Jason Kuffer via Flickr

Perceptions of security: Matthew Henry via Unsplash

Terrorism in the age of technology: Sorasak via Unsplash

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